ヨルダンにおける「ナショナリズム」は、王室への忠誠、部族への誇り、「純粋なヨルダン人系譜」へのこだわりといった複数の要素が重なり合って形作られている。だが、その語りは包摂性よりも排他性を帯びやすく、SNS空間で露骨な形をとって現れている。本稿が取り上げるISD（Institute for Strategic Dialogue）に2025年8月に公開された報告書「A Strained National Identity: Digital Polarisation and Nationalism in Jordan」（2025）は、その様子を数万件の投稿データと具体的な言説例に基づいて分析している。
パレスチナ系ヨルダン人を「外来者」として描く言葉
調査で最も目立ったのは、パレスチナ人やパレスチナ系ヨルダン人を標的にした差別的レトリックだった。
代表的なのが #الأردن_للأردنيين（ヨルダンはヨルダン人のもの） というハッシュタグだ。一見すると単なる愛国スローガンに見えるが、実際の投稿ではパレスチナ系を「犬」や「裏切り者」と呼ぶ内容と結びついて拡散している。ある人気投稿では、ラジオ司会者がパレスチナ人を「バラジェク（بلجيك, ベルギー人）」と呼び、「国を批判する犬ども」と罵る動画が転載され、数百の「いいね」を集めた。
さらに侮辱的な造語も飛び交う。たとえば「ファラスティーズ（فلسطيز）」は「パレスチナ人」と「直腸」をかけ合わせた言葉で、パレスチナ系を“二級市民”扱いする意味合いを持つ。他にも #بلجيك（バラジェク） というタグは「外国人扱い」の象徴となり、また #نجسطيني（ナジャスティーニ, パレスチナ人＋汚い）」 は露骨な人種差別を含んでいる。
あるXユーザーはプロフィールに「ヨルダン民族のために人種差別主義者である」と明記し、パレスチナ系からヨルダン国籍を剥奪すべきだと主張していた。国籍剥奪やパスポート更新拒否を容認する言説は、もはやネット上の戯言にとどまらず、国家アイデンティティの線引きを伴う深刻な排除の声となっている。
王室批判への反発と相互の侮蔑
一方で、パレスチナ系からの反発もある。特にガザ情勢やアル＝アクサ問題でヨルダン王室が十分に抗議していないとの不満から、国王を揶揄する投稿が出されている。ある投稿では国王を侮辱する画像が拡散され、それに対して「糞の顔だ」「国王を侮辱するな、犬のファラスティーズ」といった激しい反撃が殺到した。
Facebookでは、パレスチナ系のアカウントが「ヨルダンを建設したのは我々であり、部族ヨルダン人はいまだにラクダとテントで暮らしている」と挑発的に書き込むと、即座に「砂漠民」「文明を知らない野蛮人」といった応酬が起きた。ここでは「誰が本当に国を築いたのか」をめぐる争いが、相互の罵倒合戦となっている。
部族間の対立と地域差別
もうひとつの軸は、部族や地域間の対立だ。北部と南部の部族、都市と農村の間で、相手を「物乞い（شحادين）」「裏切り者（خونة）」「ナワール（نور, 野蛮人）」と呼ぶ投稿が散見された。
特に露骨なのはゴール地域（غور）の住民への差別である。「グワラネ（غوارنة）」という呼び方には「野蛮で暗い肌の人々」というニュアンスが込められる。ある投稿では「ゴール出身者が死んだら“ザナジェ”をする」と書かれていた。これは「葬儀（جنـازة, Janazeh）」を「黒人」を意味する人種差別語Zinjiにかけてもじったものだ。こうした差別的ジョークが数百の「いいね」を獲得している点は、単なる個人の悪趣味にとどまらず、社会的共感を得てしまっていることを示す。
また都市出身者が農村の人々を「フラーヒーン（農民）」「ベドウィン（遊牧民）」と蔑み、逆に農村の側は都市住民を「根無し（مقطوع الأصل）」と呼んで「血統も支えもない」と揶揄する。この言葉の応酬は「どちらが本物のヨルダン人か」という根深い対立意識を映し出している。
デジタル空間から現実の暴力へ
報告書が指摘する重要な点は、これらの罵倒が時に現実の暴力へとつながることだ。サッカーの応援や個人的な諍いをきっかけに、SNSで侮辱の応酬が広がり、やがて若者たちがFacebookやWhatsAppで動員されて集団衝突や放火事件に発展した例がある。デジタルでの言葉は現実の行動を煽るトリガーとなりうる。
結論：包摂的ナラティブの模索
ヨルダン社会は、王室による統合ナラティブと、部族や民族に基づく排除の声が同時に存在する状態にある。SNSは両者を拡散させる場であり、パレスチナ系を「よそ者」とする構造的差別を強化する働きも持つ。
ISDは、こうした分断を緩和するために、包括的なナショナル・ナラティブの推進、メディア教育、アラビア語方言に対応したコンテンツ・モデレーションなどを提言している。しかし現状を見る限り、ナショナリズムはSNS上で「誰が本物のヨルダン人か」をめぐる果てしない争いを煽り、社会の亀裂を深める方向に働いている。
このレポートの価値は、単なる「ナショナリズムが強まっている」という一般論ではなく、実際に使われている侮蔑的ハッシュタグや造語、投稿エピソードを丹念に拾い出し、デジタル空間でナショナリズムがどのように「武器化」されているかを可視化した点にある。
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