欧州デジタルメディア観測所（EDMO）は、2024年12月16日に「Report on the EDMO DSA Data Access Pilot」を公開しました。本報告は、研究者、プラットフォーム、規制機関が協力してDSA第40条による新たな枠組みをテストしたものです。
関連記事: データアクセスの壁を超えて：EUの研究者支援（GLOBSECのレポートから）
1. パイロットの目的: DSA第40条の実現に向けて
DSA第40条は、巨大オンラインプラットフォームに対し、研究者にデータを提供する義務を課しています。
目的: 研究者が「システムリスクの特定や理解」に貢献すること。
今回のパイロットは、以下の仕組みをテストしました：
- 研究者の審査プロセス
- データ提供の方法と透明性
- データ保護や倫理的な配慮
2. テストの詳細: どのように進められたのか
- 参加プラットフォーム: MetaとTikTok
- 参加者:
- フランスとオランダの研究者
- 規制機関（DSCs）: フランス、オランダ、アイルランド
- セキュアデータセンター: CASD（フランス）
- 提供データ:
- Meta: URL共有データ（個人レベルの非公開データ）
- TikTok: コンテンツモデレーションデータ（報告内容と対応結果）
データはフランスのセキュアデータセンター「CASD」を通じて提供され、安全に処理されました。
3. 浮き彫りになった課題
パイロットを通じて、いくつかの重要な課題が明らかになりました：
1. データアクセスの柔軟性不足
- 研究者は、データ提供前にリスク評価や管理計画を立てる必要がありますが、データの詳細が分からない段階では困難です。
- 解決策: データ提供後の柔軟な更新メカニズムが必要。
2. 契約交渉の複雑さ
- TikTokでは、研究者との契約交渉が難航し、最終的にデータ提供が実現しませんでした。
- Metaは契約の透明性に課題がありました。
3. データの提供期間と質
- Metaのデータ提供期間は90日と短く、研究を完了するには不十分でした。
- データの質（欠損や不整合）についても、研究者が十分に評価できないケースがありました。
4. 独立仲介機関（IIB）の可能性
パイロットでは、第三者機関「独立仲介機関（IIB）」が研究者の申請審査を支援しました。専門家がデータ保護や倫理的観点からレビューを行い、プロセスを効率化しました。
課題: 専門家不足やトレーニングの必要性が指摘されています。
5. EDMOの提言: 今後の改善策
報告書では、DSA第40条の円滑な運用に向けて、以下の提言がまとめられています：
- データインベントリの作成
プラットフォームがデータ内容やアクセス方法を事前に公開し、研究者が適切なリスク評価を行えるようにする。 - 柔軟な申請更新メカニズム
データ提供後にリスク評価や管理計画を見直せる仕組みを導入。 - データ提供期間の延長
研究の性質に合わせ、十分な期間のデータ提供を確保。 - 独立仲介機関の正式導入
公正かつ効率的な審査を行うため、第三者機関を正式に設置。
6. まとめ: データアクセスの新たな一歩
EDMOのパイロット報告は、ソーシャルメディアデータへのアクセスを「公平・透明・効率的」に実現するための重要な指針を示しています。データアクセスは、偽情報の特定や対策を支える研究者にとって不可欠な基盤です。
今後、EUの取り組みが進展し、他国でも同様の仕組みが導入されることが期待されます。日本においても、研究者が必要なデータにアクセスできる枠組みを構築することが、偽情報対策の第一歩となるでしょう。
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