ロシアの偽情報キャンペーン「Doppelganger」を追う——CORRECTIVとQuriumが暴いたその実態

ロシアの偽情報キャンペーン「Doppelganger」を追う——CORRECTIVとQuriumが暴いたその実態 情報操作

 現代の情報社会において、偽情報キャンペーンは国家間の信頼を揺るがす脅威となっています。その中でも特に注目を集めるのが、ロシアによる「Doppelganger」キャンペーン。このキャンペーンは、ソーシャルメディアを通じて欧州諸国やウクライナへの不信感を広め、混乱を引き起こすことを目的としていました。本ブログでは、CORRECTIVQuriumの調査をもとに、このキャンペーンの手口や影響を解説します。


1. Doppelgangerキャンペーンとは何か?

 「Doppelganger」は、偽のウェブサイトを作成し、それらをSNSで拡散することでプロパガンダを広めるロシア主導のキャンペーンです。この活動の中心には、ウクライナや欧州諸国をターゲットにした情報操作がありました。

主な特徴:

  • 模倣の手口:
    Doppelgangerは本物のニュースメディアや政府機関のウェブサイトを巧妙に模倣し、偽情報を本物に見せかけて拡散。
  • 使用されたプラットフォーム:
    ウクライナのホスティングサービスを利用してウェブサイトを公開し、SNSを通じてユーザーに拡散。

 この手法により、多くのユーザーが誤情報を本物の情報だと信じ込み、SNS上での拡散が加速しました。

CORRECTIVのサイトの画像
Xの投稿(左)で、ヴェルトなどのドイツや国際的な主流メディアからと思われる偽の記事(右)へリンク。ウクライナに対して扇動することを意図(CORRECTIVのサイトより)

2. CORRECTIVが明らかにしたこと

 CORRECTIVは、このキャンペーンの実態を暴くために詳細な調査を実施しました。
調査の成果:

  • 米国司法省との連携:
    Doppelgangerの主要な偽ウェブサイトは2024年9月に閉鎖されましたが、直後に新たなドメインをドイツの企業を通じて登録して活動を継続。
  • 調査ジャーナリズムの成果:
    CORRECTIVはドイツ企業に問い合わせ、新たに作成されたドメインを閉鎖させることに成功。2024年11月以降、Doppelgangerの主要な活動はほぼ停止。

ロシア国防省との関連:
 さらに、キャンペーンに利用されていた技術的なインフラが、ロシア国防省に関連するIPアドレスからアクセスされていたことが判明し、国家の関与が示唆されました。


3. Quriumが暴いた「Kehr」と「VexTrio」の役割

 Quriumの調査では、Doppelgangerが利用していた技術的インフラに焦点が当てられました。

  • Kehr.ioの役割:
    DoppelgangerはKehr.ioというリンク短縮サービスを利用して、SNSのモデレーションを回避。リダイレクトを用いることで、ユーザーを偽サイトへ誘導。
  • VexTrioの関与:
    VexTrioは、70,000以上の侵害されたウェブサイトを活用するトラフィック分配システムとして、Doppelgangerの偽情報拡散に貢献。このシステムは、従来のオンライン詐欺に使われるインフラと共通しており、偽情報キャンペーンの背後にある広範な技術的連携が浮き彫りに。

4. Doppelgangerの影響とその抑制

 CORRECTIVとQuriumの調査により、Doppelgangerキャンペーンの影響力は大幅に削減されました。

影響力の変化:

  • キャンペーンのピーク: 偽情報は広範囲に拡散し、欧州やウクライナでの社会的混乱を誘導。
  • 現在の状況: 主要なドメインが閉鎖され、キャンペーンの影響力は事実上無効化。

偽情報に立ち向かうために

 「Doppelganger」の事例は、現代の偽情報キャンペーンがいかに高度で組織的であるかを示すものです。しかし、CORRECTIVとQuriumのようなジャーナリズム組織の調査によって、これらの脅威を抑制する可能性があることも示されています。私たち一人ひとりが偽情報に対する意識を高め、正しい情報を共有することが、この問題に対処する第一歩となるでしょう。

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