中露の偽情報操作が「共鳴」する:CEPAレポートに見る協調の構造

中露の偽情報操作が「共鳴」する:CEPAレポートに見る協調の構造 情報操作

 2025年6月、米国のCEPA(Center for European Policy Analysis)は、中国とロシアの対外情報操作(Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference: FIMI)に関する包括的報告書を公開した。このレポートは、両国のFIMI活動が近年ますます「戦略的共鳴」を示していることを、具体的な事例を通じて描き出している。

 注目すべきは、両国が必ずしも明示的な共謀をしているわけではないにもかかわらず、情報空間での振る舞いが驚くほど一致しており、それが国際秩序に与える影響が深刻化している点である。


共有されるナラティブ:バイオラボ陰謀論から「多極化」まで

 ウクライナ戦争に関するFIMIの事例では、ロシアが主張した「米国がウクライナに生物兵器研究所を設置している」という陰謀論を、中国の国営メディア(新華社、CGTN、Global Timesなど)がほぼそのまま報道した。これは中国自身の地政学的利害と直接は関係しない話題であるにもかかわらず、ロシアの主張を補強する形で再発信された。

 また、両国はともに「米国の覇権が崩れている」「NATOは拡張的で攻撃的」「西側は人権や民主主義を都合よく使い分けている」といった反西側ナラティブを展開し、「多極化」というレトリックの下で相互にそのメッセージを強化し合っている。


AIによる「汚染」の新段階:人ではなくモデルを狙う

 FIMI活動は従来、SNS上のユーザーを標的にした「認知戦」の形を取っていたが、ロシアは新たに「AIモデルそのものを汚染する」戦術を展開しつつあるとされる。

 具体的には、検索結果やWebクローラが参照するサイトを偽情報で満たし、その結果、チャットボットや生成AIが誤った情報を再生産するように仕向けている。これは、ユーザーの認知を直接操作するのではなく、情報の供給源そのものに干渉するという、新しい段階に入ったことを示す。


スパムフォージ:なりすましによる米国選挙干渉

 2024年の米中間選挙前、中国は「スパムフォージ(Spamouflage)」と呼ばれる作戦を展開した。これは、中国が運営する偽の米国人アカウントが、保守・リベラル両陣営の極端な意見を同時に拡散することで、社会の分断を意図的に深めるというものだった。

 たとえば、「移民はすべて犯罪者だ」と主張する投稿と、「警察は全廃すべきだ」と主張する投稿を、同一のネットワークが発信していた。このような両極化コンテンツは、事実かどうかよりも感情的対立を煽る機能に重点が置かれている。


プロパガンダの輸出先としての中南米・アフリカ

 両国のFIMI活動はグローバル・サウスにおいても顕著である。

 中国はスペイン語のCGTNや新華社を通じて、中南米における「中国の善意」を広く宣伝しつつ、テレスール(Venezuela)のような現地メディアと連携して反米ナラティブを拡散。ロシアもRTやスプートニクのスペイン語版を駆使し、反NATO・反EUの言説を浸透させている。

 CEPA報告書は、このような構造を「メディアの主従関係(media vassalage)」と呼び、親露・親中メディアが自律的に互いの立場を支え合う非対称的エコシステムを形成していることを指摘している。


台湾に対するFIMI:月間216万件を超える情報操作

 2025年1月、台湾政府は中国からの情報操作事例が1カ月で216万件を超えたと発表した。対象はFacebook、X、TikTokなどで、フェイクアカウントやAI生成コンテンツを使って民主主義の信頼性を削ぐような情報が大量に投入されている。

 ロシアはこれに対し、明確に中国の台湾主権主張を支持する姿勢を表明。直接的な作戦協力の証拠はないものの、地政学的主張と情報操作の組み合わせにおいて、両国の立場は一致している。


China-Russia HeadlinesとAI協定

 2017年から稼働している中露共同のプロパガンダアプリ「China-Russia Headlines」では、両国の主張をまとめたニュースを多言語で配信している。2023年には両国の国営メディアが「多極化世界におけるメディアの役割」というテーマで共同会合を開催した。

 さらに、ロシアのGazpromメディアと中国中央広播電視総台はAI分野での協力協定を締結。この協定では、AIを用いたメディア技術の革新と情報戦能力の強化が議論されたとされる。


明示的な共謀ではない「共鳴」の構造

 CEPA報告書の特徴は、両国の協力が必ずしも密室で計画された明示的な「共謀」ではない点を強調していることにある。それでも、

  • ナラティブの一貫性
  • 行動パターンの類似
  • 相互のメッセージ拡散
  • メディア・AI・SNSにおける技術共有

といった形で、実質的な相互補完関係が構築されていることは否定しがたい。


結論:FIMIへの対応は“防衛”では間に合わない

 報告書は、単に偽情報を検出・削除する従来型の対応では不十分だと警告する。情報の生産・伝播・反応の全工程がAIや国家レベルのメディアによってコントロールされつつある中で、制度設計・国際協調・公共メディアの再強化などを含む包括的戦略が不可欠となっている。

 CEPAはそのために、以下のような対策を推奨している:

  • NATO/EU/米国間の制度連携
  • AIチャットボットの透明性強化とモデル検証
  • 独立系メディアへの支援
  • SNSプラットフォームの責任共有化
  • 対グローバル・サウス戦略の見直し

 このレポートは、FIMIが「単なる嘘の拡散」ではなく、国際秩序を構造的に変化させる戦略の一部として運用されていることを明示するものである。中露の情報戦に対抗するには、ナラティブと技術の両面から戦う覚悟が求められている。

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